Read more about the article Kant Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics
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Kant Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics

First, as concerns the sources of metaphysical cognition, its very concept implies that they cannot be empirical. Its principles (including not only its basic propositions but also its basic concepts) must never be derived from experience. It must not be physical but metaphysical knowledge, i.e., knowledge lying beyond experience. It can therefore have for its basis neither external experience, which is the source of physics proper, nor internal, which is the basis of empirical psychology. It is therefore a priori cognition, coming from pure understanding and pure reason. p.11

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Read more about the article Kant Critique of Pure Reason
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Kant Critique of Pure Reason

From the Norman Kemp-Smith Transcendental Deduction (A) p. 143 We entitle the synthesis of the manifold in imagination transcendental, if without distinction of intuitions it is directed exclusively to the a priori combination of the manifold; and the unity of this synthesis is called tanscendental, if it is represented as a priori necessary in relation to the original unity of apperception. Since this unity of apperception underlies the possibility of all knowledge, the transcental unity of the synthesis of imagination is the pure form of all possible knowledge; and by means of it all objects of possible experience must be represented a priori. The unity of apperception in relation to the synthesis of imagination is the understanding; and this same unity, with reference to the transcendental synthesis of the imagination, the pure understanding.

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Read more about the article J.J. Rousseau Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts
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J.J. Rousseau Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts

But so long as power alone is on one side, and knowledge and understanding alone on the other, the learned will seldom make great objects their study, princes will still more rarely do great actions, and the peoples will continue to be, as they are, mean, corrupt and miserable.

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Read more about the article Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws
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Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws

1. For the better understanding of the first four books of this work, it is to be observed that what I distinguish by the name of virtue, in a republic, is the love of one's country, that is, the love of equality. it is not a moral, nor a Christian, but a political virtue; and it is the spring which sets the republican government in motion, as honour is the spring which gives motion to monarchy. Hence it is that I have distinguished the love of one's country, and of equality, by the appellation of political virtue.

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Read more about the article Pierre Bayle, Political Writings
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Pierre Bayle, Political Writings

He spoke out very forthrightly against those who maintained that the authority of monarchs was unlimited. He maintained that monarchs cannot impose taxes without the consent of the people, and that they are more obliged than their subject to observe the laws of God and those of nature; and that the covenants which they make impose the same obligations on themselves as on their subjects. p.23-24

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Read more about the article Hobbes Beheamoth
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Hobbes Beheamoth

Thirdly, there were not a few, who in the beginning of the troubles were not discoered, but shortly after declared themselves for a liverty in religion, and those of different opinions one from another. Some of them, because they would have all congregations free and independent upon one another, were called Independents. Others that held that basptism to infants, and such as understood not into what theya re baptized, to be ineffectual, were called therefore Anabaptists. Others that held that Christ's kingdom was at this time to begin upon the earth, were called Fifth-monarchy-men; besides divers other sects, as Quakers, Adamites, &c., whose names and peculiar doctrines I do not well remember. And these were the enemies which arose against his Maject from the private interpretation of the Scripture, exposed to every man's scanning in his mother-tongue.

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