Read more about the article Machiavelli, The Prince
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Machiavelli, The Prince

Nor do I want it to be thought presumption if a man from a low and mean state dares to discuss and give rules for the governments of princes. For just as those who sketch landscapes place themselves down int he plain to consider the nature of mountains and high places and to consider the nature of low places place themselves high atop mountains, similarly, to know well the nature of peoples one needs to be prince, and to know well the nature of princes one needs to be of the people.

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Read more about the article Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics
Laurens, Jean-Adrien. Aristote. ca. 1880. Wood engraving after a painting by Jean-Baptiste-Auguste Hugues. Published in La Librairie Hachette et Cie.

Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics

Thus the virtues arise in us neither by nature nor against nature. Rather we are by nature able to acquire them, and reach our complete perfection through habit. p.673

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Read more about the article Plato The Republic
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Plato The Republic

The next step, apparently, is for us to try to discover, and point out, what the failings are in cities nowadays, which stop them being run in this way, and what is the minimum change which could help a city arrive at political arrangements of this kind. Ideally a single change. Failing that, two. And failing that, as few as possible in number and as small as possible in impact. 472b p.175

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Read more about the article Kant What Is Enlightenment?
Immanuel Kant for Pianko 5 15

Kant What Is Enlightenment?

1. Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one's understanding without guidance from another. This immaturity is self-imposed when its cause lies not in lack of understanding, but in lack of resolve and course to use it without buidance from another. Sapere Aude! Have courage to use your own understanding!" -- that is the motto of enlightenment.

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