Read more about the article Aristotle Logic the Organon
Della Robbia, Luca. Dialectic. ca. 1470–1490. Glazed terracotta. Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

Aristotle Logic the Organon

We suppose ourselves to possess unqualified scientific knowledge of a thing, as opposed to knowing it in the accidental way of the sophist, when we think that we know the cause on which the fact depends, as teh cause of that fact and of no other, and, further, that the fact could not be other than is is.

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Read more about the article Aristotle, Etique a Eudeme
Hayez, Francesco. Aristotele. 1811. Oil on canvas. Gallerie dell’Accademia, Venice.

Aristotle, Etique a Eudeme

Telle est donc la règle la meilleure, et tel est le critère le plus beau pour les biens extérieurs : qu’on soit empêché le moins possible par eux de servir et de contempler Dieu. This, therefore, is the end and the best limit regarding external things, so that the soul may be hindered as little as possible from the contemplation of God and His worship. Hic igitur finis sit et optimus terminus ad res externas respicienti, ut quam minime impediatur anima a contemplatione dei et cultu eius

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Read more about the article Plato, Timaeus
Lambda Diagram of the World Soul from Plato's Timaeus. ca. 1175–1200. Ink and tempera on vellum. Walters Art Museum, Baltimore.

Plato, Timaeus

We may now say that our discourse about the nature of the universe has an end. The world has received animals, mortal and immortal, and is fulfilled with them, and has become a visible animal containing the visible--the sensible God who is the image of the intellectual, the greatest, best, fairest, most perfect--the one only begotten heaven.

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Read more about the article Plato, Phaedo
David, Jacques-Louis. The Death of Socrates. 1787. Oil on canvas. 129.5 x 196.2 cm. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Plato, Phaedo

This way, he said. We surely agree that is anyone recollects anything, he must have known it before?

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Read more about the article Plato, Meno
Socrates Massimo Inv1236

Plato, Meno

Can you tell me, Socrates, can virtue be taught? Or is not teachable but the result of practice, or is it neither of these, but men possess it by nature or in some other way?

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Read more about the article Michael Hanchard Afro Modernity: Temporality, Politics, and the African Diaspora
Linen Market at St. Domingo e1493250438900 1000x600

Michael Hanchard Afro Modernity: Temporality, Politics, and the African Diaspora

These encounters remind us, I believe, that there are many vantage points from which one can view and experience this thing known as modernity: as nightmare or utopia; as horrible past or future present. These contrasting views caution us against modernity’s reification and implore us to view modernity as a process of lived experience, with winners and losers, as well as strivings for redemption, recovery, retribution, and revolution, each experience tumbling into another and becoming—dare I say—history.

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Read more about the article Linda M.G. Zerilli Feminism and the Abyss of Freedom
eugene delacroix liberty leading the people 1830 oil on canvas 260 x 325 cm libertad eugene delacroix 1798 1863

Linda M.G. Zerilli Feminism and the Abyss of Freedom

A freedom centered feminism would strive to bring about transformation in normative conceptions of gender without returning to the classical notion of freedom as sovereignty that all three waves of feminism have, in their different ways, at once accepted and rejected. Such feminism would be a world-building practice that changes political freedom from the "I-will" into the "I-can". This I-can is nothing other than the public persona described earlier, what Arendt called "the mask" of citizenship and the rights and duties that correspond to being a member of a political community. I-can belongs to women neither as a sex nor a gender, neither as "natural" nor a social group. I-can belongs, rather, to women as a political collectivity, and it obtains in the practice of speaking women's name (which involves speaking for others, being spoken for, and speaking back). I-can is the non-soverign freedom of feminists as citizens engaged in word and deed, who are committed to the irreducibly non natural basis of political membership. p.180

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